Threads from Henry's Web

Author: henry

  • Psalm 119:133 – Mastery

    Psalm 119:133 – Mastery

    Establish my steps in your word.
    Don’t let any evil have mastery over me.

    I like the rendering of the REB for this one, and in fact used the word “mastery” as they do.

    Make my step firm according to your promise,
    and let no wrong have the mastery over me.

    Psalm 119:133 (REB)

    Note that this translation is very different in what it prioritizes to convey than the translation I took from Seeing the Psalter in yesterday’s post. In that book, the emphasis is on the connections in word usage and in Psalm 119 on the acrostic. The REB emphasis is on conveying meaning to a modern audience. This is a legitimate difference in translations, but it is useful to be aware of the translators’ intent when reading.

    I’m very interested in this text, because it relates to a couple of theological concepts I use personally. One of these is the idea of mastery. You will be mastered by something. I’ll look first at a New Testament passage for this:

    When you were slaves of sin, you were free in regard to righteousness…. But now that you have been freed from sin and enslaved to God, the advantage you get is sanctification.

    Romans 6:20,22 (NRSV)

    This relates also to the two ways concept which is presented in Deuteronomy: “See, I have set before you today life and prosperity, death and adversity” (30:15). You’re going to have one or the other.

    In Paul’s case he carries on with this subject in Romans 7 discussing this slavery and the liberation which he then expounds in Romans 8.

    Jesus says something similar in the Sermon on the Mount.

    No one can serve two masters; for a slave will either hate the one and love the other, or be devoted to the one and despise the other. You cannot serve God and wealth.

    Matthew 6:24 (NRSV)

    I’d also add Galatians 5:16-26 were we have the works of the flesh and the fruit of the spirit contrasted.

    Each of these text shows a binary choice as to where our loyalties will be, or whom we will serve.

    I wrote a note on these textual relationships earlier today. Here I’m bringing together concepts that were not originally intended to work together, nor is there a textual relationship between Deuteronomy 30:15 and Galatians 5:16-26. Yet I would bring them together in talking about this idea of a core approach to life which controls who we are. If you reference my note above regarding textual relationships, these are all in #6 and #7, things I have brought together, and not necessarily relationships I believe the authors would actually have noted.

    All this leads to a basic question: What drives you?

    (Featured image generated by Jetpack AI.)

  • A Note on Relationships between Texts

    A Note on Relationships between Texts

    I think there’s considerable confusion about the way texts in scripture can/do relate to one another. Often people simply take the Bible as a simple, flat space in which one can bring any set of texts or passages together to create a valid theological result. (I should pause to reflect on the notion of a “valid theological result, but, hmmm, some other time!)

    So let’s just look at the ways in which texts might relate:

    1. Quotation. One text can quote from another. In some cases this is clear, especially with quotations of Hebrew scripture in the New Testament.
    2. Paraphrase: Similar phraseology is used. This may involve simply use of a familiar turn of phrase, or it can be a substitute for quotation. This, and quotation can present a problem for translators who translate the Hebrew text in the Old Testament, but then deal with an Old Testament quotation which is taken from the LXX. I commented on this in Hebrews 2:6-8 here and here.
    3. Allusion. A word or idea brings to mind words or ideas in an earlier book, but doesn’t directly quote or paraphrase.
    4. Similar imagery. This is a sort of common technical language, and can be hard to trace or prove. It is more a matter of a similar well drawn from by both texts.
    5. Canonical relationship. A text may show no knowledge of another, but it is related in the way the overall canon of scripture is understood. Here we are looking much more at how the people using the text perceive the combined message of various books than at anything in the mind of the various writers.
    6. Ideas. There may be ideas held by multiple writers that we cannot trace to an exposition by any one of them, but that form part of the basis for thought.
    7. Theological. The relationship may reside largely in the reader’s theology, in that they see various doctrines expressed, usually in part, through various texts that really only relate in that theological connection. The connection may be one none of the writers conceived of.
    8. Not related. Just for completion.

    It’s important to be aware of these and other relationships between texts, because the specific way in which texts relates impacts our answers to questions of interpretation. For example, a brief quote might draw in thoughts from the source text, carrying more freight than the simple text conveys. Unfortunately, this sort of “umbra” drawn in with a text is easy to exaggerate or imagine completely.

    I post this list simply to suggest things to think about as you read. If you see some connection between texts, think of just what that connection might be, and whether the author of the text you’re reading might have been aware of it and intended it to be part of the meaning of his text.

    Folks such as myself who emphasize exegesis and critical Bible study tend especially to look negatively on #7, but we should remember that whether we attribute our theology to specific Bible writers or not, we do have a theological view. Everyone partakes of #7 at some point.

    Key point: Be aware of the sort of relationship you are either using or creating when going from scripture to theology.

    (Featured image credit: yra1111 from iStockPhoto.com)

  • Psalm 119:132 – Be Gracious

    Psalm 119:132 – Be Gracious

    Turn to me and be gracious to me,
    as is your judgment for all who love your name.

    I get the sense here that “judgment” is used to establish that God’s established choice is to be gracious to those who love his name. It’s settled law.

    So if this is already what God does, why is it that the Psalmist makes a request for it?

    I see here a prime example of prayer in action. We often think of prayer as a request list. Then if we remember example prayers, we add some thanksgiving. A little worship, which can be a variety of things. But these are all adjuncts to the body of the prayer, the list of things we want. Usually when somebody says “prayer works,” this is what they mean. “I asked, and God did what I asked.” It sounds like “working”!

    But so many of the prayers of scripture are really like this one. They are about praying for what God has already made established practice. “Be gracious, as you always are.”

    I think it’s a good prayer. I’d like to attain to that prayer. I don’t mean the ability to repeat the words, but the ability to pray with the confidence that comes from knowing that I’m praying in accordance to a judgment God has already made.

    Lord be gracious to each one of us today, as you have promised!

    (Featured image generated by Jetpack AI.)

  • Psalm 119:131 – Panting

    Psalm 119:131 – Panting

    With open mouth, panting,
    I long for your commands.

    This couplet poses some challenges in producing a readable translation, even though there’s little doubt of the meaning and feel of the verse. Even Mitchell Dahood, usually very creative, translates in a fairly straightforward fashion: “With gaping mouth I panted, / because I longed for your commandments” (Anchor Bible on Psalms, volume II).

    Another good translation is this:

    Parting mouth gaping I sigh heavily
    for to your commandments is my longing

    Bob MacDonald, Seeing the Psalter, p. 386

    Now I haven’t mentioned before that Bob MacDonald translates Psalm 119 as an acrostic in English, which helps give it more of the feel of reading the Hebrew text. Some constructions in Hebrew are shaped by the acrostic form of the whole poem. Hebrew syntax is more friendly to the creation of an acrostic than English, with somewhat more flexible word order, but there is still more common ways of ordering words.

    In this case, a little bit of apparent discomfort is conveyed by the wording, and I think Bob has caught that. The feel of reading the poetry has the sort of discomfort that relates to the state of mind described in the text. Bob notes that: “parting gaping, פער (p`r) gape with desire as a ravenous beast but gape needs help for the acrostic” (p. 389). Yes, it helps the acrostic, but I think it also gives us the feel.

    Translation is interesting. A translator is always presented with the question of just what to transfer in translation into the new language. Bob MacDonald, for example, takes a rare path of transferring the acrostic, which presents a number of challenges, especially in conjunction with other goals he has in conveying the relationship of words in the Psalm. You’ll need to read his book, Seeing the Psalter, to get a full understanding of what he conveys.

    It might help us to understand this process if we consider communicating about an area of specialty to someone who does not share our specialization. I help people with problems on their computers frequently, and most of the people I help don’t share the language or often the concepts I tend to use. In ordering to communicate, I have to try to speak in terms that can be understood not just by the non-specialist, but by someone generally computer-naive, by which I mean they really aren’t sure what a web browser is. They get pretty close to panting, longing to know just how to get something done, or even how to explain to me just what it is that they are seeing.

    Many times I have either followed up a conversation by remote access to the person’s PC or even a visit, and found that what I had imagined the problem to be was not even close. They had a completely different problem than I imagined. I’ve gotten better at this over the years, but the gap still occurs.

    In terms of God’s commands, or just right and appropriate action we can have a similar problem. We have principles in mind. We want to get things right, but our understanding just doesn’t stretch. Applied to our situation, the translation of principle into action can take an amazing amount of effort.

    There is an inherent disconnect in our communion with God. We do not perceive infinity. As Paul says, we see partially, we await what is perfect, we do not have it in our possession. It’s a good idea to recognize this struggle for God’s commands. It’s an appropriate struggle. It’s one of the reasons that we are directed not to judge. We know partially; we judge partially.

    Let’s keep the desire and lose the judgment.

  • Psalm 119:130 – Light

    Psalm 119:130 – Light

    When your Word is revealed, light shines,
    giving understanding to the naive.

    This is a very important verse to me, and I think it is often misunderstood.

    I was raised on Bible-based materials. I studied that way in school. I spent a good deal of time with it in school. I had a disagreement with my mother about when I first read the Bible through. She said it was when I was around 9 or 10 years old. I recall reading it all the way through in my early teens. As an elementary student at a school with a Bible-based curriculum I memorized Bible passages in large quantities, including the chapter I’m writing about, all 176 verses of it.

    When I went to college and determined to study the Bible I majored in Biblical Languages, thinking this was the way to get back to the sources. With the weight I put on the value of scripture, I wanted to be as accurate in my knowledge as I possibly could because knowing the words contained in scripture was, I thought, of great value.

    It took me a very long time to get past the collection of words and data from and about scripture. I used the word “naive” in my translation of this verse, and I was naive in my approach to scripture. It was not only not possible for me to get to a 100% bedrock understanding, based only on my study, it was also not particularly desirable.

    That question drove me away from the church and from fellowship. I still enjoyed the study of and the text of scripture, but it was no longer a driving force as it had been. It was, instead, a bit of a hobby.

    Then I came back to it again. Marcus Borg wrote a book titled Reading the Bible Again for the FIrst Time. While I don’t agree with everything Borg teaches, I enjoyed the book. I empathized with the experience, because by the time I read his book, I had had a similar experience. The reading of the Bible became something very different to me.

    One very important change was that instead of looking for a simple, totally coherent system of beliefs about God, I began to seek to know God. When I began to seek to know God rather than about God I also began to see that the Bible points outside of itself to manifestations of God’s Word. By God’s Word were the heavens made (Psalm 33:6-9). This told me that God’s Word extended everywhere.

    I also saw in the Bible a great deal of diversity. Instead of seeing repetition of “sameness,” I saw God working in multiple ways in the stories of the Bible. I saw even more diversity in the way the stories of the Bible came to be presented as they were. I saw the way in which the Bible pointed to people who heard from God and who spoke for God. I saw a church in the New Testament where hearing from God and sharing were part of worship (1 Corinthians 14, for example).

    “Bible-based” no longer filled the requirement for me. “Based in the Word of God” came much closer, but only when we allow ourselves to understand that for those who are willing to listen, for those who are willing to see, for those who are willing to hear, and for those who are willing to imagine, God’s Word is everywhere.

    God’s word is just waiting for an opportunity to enter, an opportunity to make the naive wise.

    “I can never get away from your presence!” (Psalm 139:7b, NLT). No, for a God who is everywhere, that’s true. The problem is that we’re extremely capable of getting away from an awareness of God’s presence. The entrance of the data does not give light. The entrance of God’s Word creates knowledge and wisdom. It’s waiting for us to perceive the God’s presence.

    I’m amused by our common expression regarding an especially powerful meeting: “God was sure present in our worship service today!” That’s not how it works. God is definitely present. The question is whether the worship service is conducive to helping us perceive that presence.

    Similarly, a daily question, whether I’m in my home or my office, or traveling somewhere in my car, or taking a walk, or whatever I may be doing the question is whether I’m perceiving God’s Word in what I see. If I’m writing prose, poetry, or fantasy fiction, I can be perceiving God.

    Because God’s Word is absolutely everywhere.

    Are you going to perceive it today?

  • Psalm 119:129 – My Soul Keeps Them

    Psalm 119:129 – My Soul Keeps Them

    Your testimonies are wonderful,
    so my soul keeps them.

    The Revised English Bible uses “gladly keep” for “my soul keeps.” The image here is of keeping from inside, from what you are and desire. Non-formal English translations avoid the literal rendering of “my soul” in doing various things, but the idea there is “from the heart” or “from inside.” In this case the NLT uses “No wonder I obey them,” which doesn’t seem to me to quite get the intent of “my soul.”

    It’s interesting, however, that in the magnificat (Luke 1:46), the NLT does use “soul,” with “Oh, how my soul praises the Lord.” I think the idea of my soul praising the Lord comes more easily from tongue and pen to a modern writer or translator than the idea of having an inward love of the law.

    There’s another side to this. We tend to feel that it’s somehow more pious and holy to do something just because God said to do it. Similarly, we often praise children for obeying their parents without questioning. A child who hears a command, thinks about it, and then does it because they think it’s a good idea, doesn’t seem all that obedient.

    But ultimately God’s law should work out logically. That doesn’t mean we understand everything about it. It does mean that we should think about the ways in which God’s laws are wonderful. A good exercise is to take a law you accept by faith, for example, a command from your Bible, and work to present it as a good and rational thing to someone who doesn’t share your faith.

    You’re getting somewhere if you can do this without rationalization or special pleading. Ultimately, however, if we believe God’s word created the universe and ordains all those laws which provide order, we should be able to present them as a good thing. They are not just wonderful because we think they are God’s laws. They stand testimony to God by being recognizable as wonderful.

    Try looking at things you do today. Can whatever makes you do these be regarded as wonderful? Or are they a burden?

  • Psalm 119:128 – All

    Psalm 119:128 – All

    Therefore I completely keep all your precepts.
    I hate every false way.

    I think I say something about how many ways one could go in meditating on each of these verses, and I certainly could. Today I’m thinking about this line especially from a Christian perspective.

    I recall a young man coming to my door with his wife and his KJV Bible in hand, intending to convert me. It did not bother him that I was already a Christian. It was his duty to straighten out my theology in a hurry. Among the various things he told me was that the Sermon on the Mount did not apply to Christians in the “church age.” It was for the Jews and for a special transitional stage between the old covenant and the new covenant.

    Our discussion roamed through the New Testament. Passages from Hebrew Scriptures were not of importance to him. I think we spent more than an hour not communicating with one another.

    As he got up to leave he said he was worried about my salvation. “I have given you nothing but Scripture but you haven’t given me any scripture at all.” He paused. “Well, except for Matthew, and Hebrews, and James, and they don’t count.”

    Now when I read the Sermon on the Mount as recorded in Matthew, I find sentiments that fit with this passage. Not only is Jesus saying to keep all the law all the time, but he’s asking us to keep the law in our hearts. If one is angry at someone that person is guilty of murder.

    I can see why someone would want to dismiss the whole thing as applying to someone else. Big sigh of relief! It sounds pretty holy, but I don’t have to do any of it.

    We often talk and act as though the big problem with Israel was that they had too many laws or that they were too intent on keeping them. That misses the point that God gave Israel all those laws. God said they should keep all those laws. Leviticus (19:2 and other places) says to “be holy for I (the LORD) am holy.” Matthew 5 doesn’t back off from this, saying that unless your righteousness exceeds that of the scribes and Pharisees, you will not enter the kingdom of heaven, and then in 5:48 “Be perfect, as your heavenly father is perfect.”

    Old Testament or new, there is nowhere in scripture where God’s plan is not a plan to create a holy people. The thing we need to catch on to, and bluntly, that I think the psalmist has 100% is this: God’s call is for completely keeping all the commandments, while at the same time, he recognizes in many other verses that it is only through God’s power that this is accomplished.

    I’m again going to refer to the last verse, sort of a spoiler! “I have gone astray like a lost sheep. Seek your servant….” Note that it does not say, “I have gone astray like a lost sheep. Your laws are too tough, give me an excuse.” He does not say, “I have gone astray, please fix the map so it records that I am on course.

    There is a glorious purpose to which God calls us all, and to which only God can bring us. We can’t attain this, but God can. And God promises to do precisely that.

    Keep your eye on the goal. All * Completely.

  • Psalm 119:127 – Better than Gold

    Psalm 119:127 – Better than Gold

    Thus I love your commandments
    more than gold, than fine gold.

    I once told a group that if they wanted to find out if this is how people feel, leave some gold on the pew beside a Bible, and see which goes first.

    Of course, that misses the point in many ways. Just to start, I own a very large number of Bibles. They are in a variety of languages, including some I can’t read, and in various editions. I have study Bibles from different perspectives. I never have a problem laying hands on a Bible.

    But this doesn’t mean anything about my Bible knowledge or my commitment to my faith. Those Bibles sitting on my shelves may have a monetary value, but it’s not in comparing the book to some measure of currency that you can discover what is of value to me. The vast majority of these Bibles, in fact, represent something I accepted for some currency, a modern version of having some gold.

    And yet my paying for these books doesn’t tell you what value I place on God’s word. You may find God’s word in any of those volumes, but the question is whether, having access to it, and knowing what it is, you value it.

    For example, what amount of money would it take to persuade you, or persuade me, to violate one of the principles we would learn from one of those Bibles? Or, for that matter, one of the principles we might learn from God’s word manifested in the physical world around us.

    The question is rarely going to come in the form of some bars of gold, or a stack of printed currency with an instant choice. Rather, it’s going to come in day to day actions.

    What do you do, for example, if you have a choice of service versus wealth? Would it not be likely that you, or I, would choose the higher paying option and tell ourselves that we will contact the right people in that higher paying job? But supposing instead that the choice is between a higher paying and higher profile job that would let you serve, and because you, or I, don’t like the limelight we choose something a bit less?

    In each case the question is just what is driving us. Too often we take the simple path and assume that someone who is rich has sold out and someone who is not rich must be a true servant of God and others. Or we can take the simple path of assuming the rich person is the blessed person, and the one with less has missed God’s law.

    It is never that simple. The question we need to ask is where God’s commands will lead us. That might be to wealth, and it might be to poverty. On the other hand, wealth might be leading us to perdition, or on the other hand it might be leading us to a place of value in God’s kingdom.

    What values are driving you today?

    (Featured image generated by Jetpack AI and edited with Photoshop.)

  • Psalm 119:126 – Time to Act

    Psalm 119:126 – Time to Act

    It’s time to act, LORD.
    They’ve set your law aside.

    I’ve talked about waiting and patience a few times, so let’s look at the second part of this verse.

    How can one set God’s law, or any law, aside?

    We usually think of simply breaking the law, a sort of binary choice. I’m either doing it or not. And of course, that is one sort of lawlessness. I know what the law is. I have the power to do the right thing, and I choose to do the wrong thing instead. That certainly happens!

    But there are a few other ways to set the law aside, or make it void.

    We can trim around the edges of the law. A common way of doing this is to discuss what limit the state troopers are actually enforcing. Can you get by with 5 miles over the speed limit? 10 miles? You’ll see occasional arguments online about this. Inevitably, there will be an officer in the discussion who says he doesn’t actually have any margin for grace. If you’re speeding, you’re speeding!

    I observed this driving through Ohio way back when the dinosaurs roamed and I was in graduate school. Someone had told me that the Ohio cops didn’t have any margin on enforcement, so I stuck straight to the speed limit. A few miles into the state another car crawled past me. He couldn’t have been doing more than a couple miles over, but in a couple minutes there came the flashing lights as the trooper sped past me and soon I saw the slight speeder at the side of the road.

    I congratulated myself on my great intelligence and waited until the next state to speed up.

    But there are other ways we can make the law void. Another way is to load people down with laws and regulations until it’s pretty certain that no matter how hard they try, they’ll be violating the law at some point. Once you get there, people realize they can’t be completely in the clear no matter what, and they become careless about keeping even more important laws.

    You can also have the attitude of self-righteousness in which you’re convinced that you must keep the law, and that you’re a good person, so you’re doing it. How does this work? You reduce the actual laws to a level that you can. You grade yourself on an imaginary curve.

    All of these tend to result in a certain amount of lawlessness, and when carried far enough can be destructive of a family, a community, or a nation. Laws are important, but they are very much subject to misuse and abuse, often by the people who ought to be upholding them.

    With the psalmist, we can call on God. It’s time to act! People are setting your instructions aside and substituting their own.

    How can you live constructively in relation to the laws that you know?

  • Psalm 119:125 – Teach Me

    Psalm 119:125 – Teach Me

    I am your servant. Teach me
    and I will understand your testimonies.

    As I read this verse late last night, I had the feeling that I’d talked about just about every element of it. I’ve been pointing out repeatedly that every claim to have done something in some way reflects another when the psalmist acknowledges dependence on God. There are verses expressing thanks for the law and hope in God’s promises, and also those expressing the pain of waiting.

    This verse puts a great deal of the whole message of the psalm in a very few words. “Teach me and I’ll understand.” God is the source of law, testimony, and yes, history itself. And God is the best teacher.

    This led me to thinking seriously about the entire psalm. One of the things that can make scripture hard to read and understand is the variety of literature we find, not to mention history and background. We rarely have the patience for reading a passage as a whole. I recall once making a suggestion to someone planning worship that it would be nice to either use all four lectionary passages as part of the order of worship, or to imitate them by having the same variety.

    One of the most powerful worship services I have ever attended involved an extensive set of readings. I believe it was Year a, 3rd Sunday in Lent, with John 4:5-42, Romans 5:1-11, Exodus 17:1-7 and Psalm 95. The one I recall was the full scripture reading of John 4:5-42. I was already both impressed and blessed by the inclusion of all the readings in the service, but then the pastor began to preach, and he tied every one of those passages into his message, weaving a tapestry about God’s work of redemption from all of them together. He ended with the service of Holy Communion and as he spoke the words, he again wove material from all those readings. He combined the reading of scripture, the exposition of scripture, and the application of scripture in the form of worship into one single picture and message and then called the congregation to go forth and live it.

    This commitment to bringing these various elements together as a whole is very important in itself. Understanding some relationships, historical and liturgical, is very helpful in building a community that serves God and humanity. Tied into a message of hope and redemption, the service of Holy Communion can be an experience of spiritual renewal. Seeing an example of careful, thoughtful construction of a worship experience is a message in itself.

    That is what I feel when I read this Psalm. Yes, there are so many pieces. It’s easy to feel that it’s scattered. But if you have the patience to observe, to absorb it, and look for how everything fits into an expression of prayer, praise, worship, and instruction, you’ll find a very powerful piece of literature.

    If you have an opportunity to study this in Hebrew, you can add the craftsmanship of presenting it as an acrostic. This craftsmanship is also a form of praise and teaching. God can be worshiped in and with beauty, structure, imagination, imagery, and sound.

    One of the ways God teaches us today is by the preservation of this kind of literature by which we can learn. Poetry in the heart reflects God’s poetry of all creation.

    How will you join your heart and voice with this poetry today?

    (Featured image credit: zamrznutitonovi licensed via iStockPhoto.com